Astronomical device



May 3o, 1933. D. PHLUPS 1,912,305

ASTRONOMIGAL DEVICE INVENTOR MVL.

ATTORNEY May 30, 1933. D. PHILLIPS 1,912,305

ASTRONOMI GAL DEVICE Filed Sept. 25, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 21 17 Eggf/99m.

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@MQ-M@ l ,.3 mw Y@ d ATTORNEY May 30, 1933.r

WITNESSES @wakfica/W# D. PHILLIPS 1,912,305

ASTRONMIGAL DEVICE Filed sept. 25, 1931 5 sheets-Sheet 3 i INVENTOR fDaVid Pln'llz'ps BY m m w ATTORNEY Patented May 30, 1933 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE DAVID PHILLIPS, vF DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA ASTRONOMICALDEVICE This invention relates to improvements in educational devices,and more particularly to astronomical devices of the type patented byDavid Phillips June 28, 1927, .1,634,207

and disclosed in a co-pending application of David Phillips filed May25, 1930, Serial N o. 455,7 37, and it consists of the constructions,combinations and arrangements herein described and claimed.

One of the outstanding objects of the instant invention is to providemeans for enabling the convenient and easy visualization of thephenomenon of the change of both days and time in respect to the earthlysphere.

A further object of the invention is to provide a terrestrial globehaving mounting means intended to provide a stationary support, theglobe being freely revoluble on said mounting means which mounting meansnot only carries such indicia as hour markers but also has means forcausing the manipulation of certain day indicators when the longitudinalhour meridians on which the day indicators are situated reach midnight.n

A further object of the invention is to provide an indicating means incombination with a movable terrestrial globe for the purpose ofinstantly indicating the day and hour at any one point or plurality ofpoints on the entire surface of the earth.

A further object of the invention is to provide an astronomical devicefor demonstrating to the satisfaction of thestudent such. propositions,ordinarily visualized and.

understood only with the greatest diiiculty from the books, as firstthat two days are always associated with the international date 4,0 lineand that a crossing of this line will instantly bring the observer froma given day to the succeeding day or vise versa, and second that a dayof a given name will be existent somewhere on the earth for fortyeighthours.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of cert-ainmechanical elements which are a necessary adjunct to the foregoingterrestrial globe in the carrying 0 out of the various purposes brieflystated.

yOther objects and advantages will appear in the followingspecilication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings inwhich:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the as- 55 tronomical device, theterrestrial globe being so supported on its mounting means to agree withits position in reference to the sun in celestial space at the time ofone of the equinoxes,

Figure 2 is a detail perspective view particularly showing the.so-called date line indica-tor or 180o meridian ,and illustrating thearrival of that indicatorat the stationary midnight marker.

Figure 3 is a similar View illustrating the arrival ofthe day indicatorwhich coincides with the standard or 0o meridian at the point of noon,

Figure 4 is an elevation of the device 70 viewed from a positionagreeing with that from which Figure 1 was viewed, the NorthernHemisphere being omitted to show the internal workings,

Figure 5 is'a horizontal section taken sub- 75 stantially on the line5*-5 of Figure 4, illustrating the stationary detents by which thetoothed wheels of the ordinary and also the date line indicators aremoved a 1/7 step at midnight,

Figure 6 is a detail cross section as though taken on the line 6 6 ofFigure 5, illustrating the association of the primary stationary detentwith one of the toothed wheels of the ordinary day indicators,

Figure 7 is a detail section taken on the line 7-7 of Figure 4,particularly showing how one of the drive fingers is connected with itscomplemental revoluble annulus,

Figure 8 is a cross section taken substantially on the line 8-8 ofFigure 1,

lFigure 9 is a detail section taken on the line 9 9 of Figure 1,illustrating the Inode of fastening one of the Ahemispheres to itsannulus, Y

Figure 10 is a detail view of a portion of the Northern Hemisphere,particularly illustrating one of the clips which constitutes part of theforegoing fastening,

Figure 11 is a detail cross section taken substantially on the line11-11 of Figure 5, illustrating the association of the other stationarydetent with the toothed wheel of the date line indicator,

Figure 12 is a detail perspective view of one of the ordinary dayindicators.

The instantI device is primarily intended as an aid to instructors inastronomy and to students of the subject in the demonstration andunderstanding of the phenomenon et the change or" days and time as thisoccurs in respect to the terrestrial globe. There are many facts inbooks on astronomy which are hard to understand, creating the generalimpression that astronomy is a subject for study by persons of only theutmost astutencss. The instant device is intended to aid in the teachingof certain fundamentals in the study of time, and it is to this subjectthat the following description is devoted.

A base 1, of any desired type or contiguration, provides the means foraiiixing the device to a support such as, for example, a part ot aconveyance which is intended to be moved from place to place for thedemonstration of the changes of days and time relatively to theterrestrial globe. This base is slotted at 2 (Fig. S) to provide placesinto which the side plates 3, 4 of a stationary standard, generallydesignated 5, are inserted and permanently secured for instance by meansof screws 6.

The slots 2 are spaced sufficiently far from each other to in turn spacethe plates 8, 4 sutiiciently far apart to make room for an internalpulley 7 (Fig. 8) and a belt 8 which applies driving power to thepulley. This belt. passes through appropriate openings 9 in the base 1and is applied to a driver 10 (Fig. 1) which may be operated in anypreferred w y, for instance by means of a motor. An edge closure 11(Fig. 8) is applied to the rims of the side plates 3, 4 concealingr theinternal space and providing a fixed mounting' for a plurality of radialstems 12 (Figs. 1 and 4).

All ot these radial stems carry stationary indicia herein known as hourmarkers which in the majority of instances are denoted 13. Several ofthe hour markers, denoted 14 are applied to the side plates of thestationary standard 5. Others ot the hour markers, denoted 15 and 1G arecarried by double radial stems which are preferably made double in orderto adequately support these markers which are made larger than the restin order to contain the words Sun and Midnite. The word BIidnite isdivided by a conspicuous colored line 17 (Fig. 1).

The markers 13, 14. 15 and 16 have numerals denoting the hours of a dayand Y night. Beginning with the marker 15, which is preferably made insome semblance of an arrow and is to be regarded as pointing directly tothe sun, there is the numeral XII which designates high noon. Thenumerals on the markers 13, counting in the easterly orcounter-clockwise direction read I, Il, etc. until they reach X11 on themidnight marker 1G. Counting from this marker in the same direction thenumerals read l, H etc. to the numeral XH already mentioned inconnection with the marker 15.

As already stated, the numerals on the various markers denote the hoursot' a day and night. Those markers appearing at the right of a verticalline drawn through the axis ot' the device (for example the section line8-8 of Fig. 1) designate the day hours, while the marl-ers at the lettof the line designate the night hours. To facilitate the visualizationof the distinction between day and night these sets of markers will becomposed ol`- material ot contrasting colors, the markers at the rightof the vertical line, in practice, being white and those at the left ot'the line being dark.

A representation of the terrestrial globe is revolubly mounted on thestationary standard The so-ci lled globe 18 (Fig. 8) is made in hollowhalves 19, 20. Looking at the device in Figure 1 one sees what is hereinchosen as the Northern Hemisphere which comprises the globe half 20.

The Northern Hemisphere is chosen for combination with twenty-tour dayindicators, twenty-three of which are designated 21 and are known asordinary day indicators, the twenty-fourth being designated 21L (Fig. 2)and known as the date indicator inasmuch as it is associated with the18()O meridian or international date line. The Northern Hemisphere isfurther chosen for demonstration in connection with the annular seriesof hour markers 13 to 1G, but it is to be understood that thedescription might well be reversed to be read in connection with theSouthern Hemisphere 19. This reversal might prove preferable when thedevice is demonstrated to persons living in the Southern Hemisphere.

Consider first the outer aspect of the Northern Hemisphere 20. Lookingat this in Figure 1 one sees the twenty-'four hour meridians 22radiating from the North Pole 23. These are the meridians of longitudeand they are 15O apart, dividing the equatorial circumference ot the.globe into twentyfour equal parts. Certain ones of these meridians aredistinguished by heavy colored lines, the OO, or first or standardmeridian as it is sometimes called, being blue for instance, and denoted24, .rhile the international date line, denoted 25, which falls on the180o meridian colored red. The housing of the date ind'c"t0r which headsthe international date line similarly colored red or may be faced with ared material so ridian in east longitude ends at the designa-V tion 15";the third meridian in east longitude ends at the designation and so on ithroughout one-half the circumference of the globe until the 18()Omeridian, coinciding with the international date line 25 is reached. Ona principle identical with the foregoing, the meridians in westlongitude are similarly designated until the 180o meridian is againreached.

In order to further enlighten the student, the marker 26 heading the OOmeridian 24 is made sufficiently over-size to contain the words East7and Vest (Fig. 3) together with arrows which correspondingly indicatethe directions. Since the earth revolves toward the east it follows thatthe globe 18 will be revolved in the counterclockwise direction (arrow27, Fig. 1) when demonstrating the changes of days and time.

At the head of each meridian, that is to say, in the approximatelyequatorial region of the hemisphere 20, there is one of the dayindicators mentioned before. As each meridian crosses the midnight line17 (Fig. 1), there will be an instantaneous change in the indicatorsfrom one day to the next, with 7 the exception of the so-called dateindicator 21a (Fig. 2) which is so arranged that it will shown adjoiningdates on the respective sides of the international date line. This willbe more readily understood by the following description of the mountingrof the hemii sphere 20 as well as of the structure of the indicatorsthemselves and the means by which they are worked.

The stationary standard 5 (Fig. 8,) has sleeves 28, 29 permanentlyfastened to it for example by means of flanges 30 which will be weldedor otherwise secured to the side plates 3, 4. These sleeves at onceprovide a journal for a shaft 31 and bearings for hubs 32, 33 of thehemispheres 19, 20. The previously mentioned internal pulley 7 ispermanently secured to the shaft 31 by means of a screw 34 8) or itsequivalent, it being clear that when the .pulley 7 is driven, the shaft31 will be driven likewise.

The motion of the shaft 31 must be transmitted to the hemispheres 19, 20so that these will be driven simultaneously, and since these have noconnection with each other by i virtue of the interposition of thestationary of At each end of the shaft 31 there is a xedly secured drivefinger, the two fingers being designated 35, 36. The free ends of thesengers are fitted between abutments 37, 38 (Fig. 7) on the respectiveones 'of a pair of annuli 39, 40. Each set of abutments may merelycomprise sleeves slipped on the Shanks of screws that are driven intothe respective annulus. In assembling the parts the free end of therespective drive finger is slipped between the abutments, but it may bestated that in practice the mode of driving the hemispheres 19, 29 fromthe shaft 31 may be substituted by means other than shown withoutaffecting the working of the device in the least.

In assembling the drive fingers 35, 36 it is preferable to dispose themon diametrically opposite sides of the shaft 31, (Fig. 8) in order topreserve as nearly balanced an arrangement as possible. One of the drivefingers will be secured to the shaft 31 with its free end between therespective pair of abutments 37 or 38 whereupon the respectivehemisphere 19 will be put in place on its annulus. The other drivefinger will be ,positioned in such a way as to assume the foregoingdiametrical position and at the same time enable an accurate matching ofthe hemispheres when the remaining hemisphere is put in place.

Each annulus 39, 40 is connected with the respective hubs 32, 33 by asystem of spokes 41 (Fig. 4) or a desired equivalent thereof.

The revolution of the shaft 31 inside of the 1 sleeves 28, 29 will causerevolution of the hemispheres 32, 33 on the sleeves by virtue of thedriving finger connections with the annuli 39, 40. Since the hemispheres19, 2O are carried by the annuli it follows that the globe 1S willrevolve as a whole when driving power is applied to the pulley 7.

At this point] it may be mentioned that the pulley 7 is not necessarilydepended upon for the revolution of the globe 18. The device may bestood on a table independently, of any source vof driving power otherthan the hand of the instructor which may be applied to any part of thehemisphere facing him for the purpose of turning the globe.

The hemispheres 19, 2() are in place upon the annuli 39, 40 which aremore or less in the nature of circular flanges to provide adequatesupports. Any desired mode of fastening may be employed. The hemisphere19 is more conveniently screwed in piace at 42 (Fig. 8) while in theinstance of the hemisphere 20 clips 43 will be used. These clipsterminate in forked ends 44 which will be set in place over the shanksof inclined screws 45 and when these are driven home into l rnnulus 4()by which they are carried, tno hemisphere 2O will be firmly held inplace. Portions of the annulus 40 are removed adjacent to the screws 1ifs (Fig. d) in order to make room for the clips. It d sii-cd, thesimpler mode ot sccuring the hemisphere 19 may be adopted for thesecurement oi the hemisphere Q0.

Nov.' as to the annulus d() (Fig. 4) 1 This is made somewhat heavierthan the annulus 39 because ot daptation a bearing for the plurality otday indicator shafts d6. These shafts are arranged radially (Fig. si),and there .is one sha-.rt for each day indicator 21.

The iollfiu'ing description applies to the con ii'uction vvor'dng cilall oi the da?v indicators 21 excepting the so-callcd date indicator 21,the latter being deait with later. Referring nonY to one ci the dayindicators 2l, the outer end of the shaft Li6 carries a c v 'nder si?(Fig. 12) `which is appropriately slotted in the ion udinal or axialdirection of its outer suriace as at to reeivc seven small plates llwhich impress l thereon the abbreviated names ci the c( of the Week. Forinsnincc, vSaturday is abx brcviated Sat (Fi ,11. 8 and l). Sundayabbreviated Q y etc. It would be entirely Within the spirit ot theinvention to make the cyl nder 47 a septenary figure on each o'f theseven faces of nhicn the day abbreviations would be imprinted directlythus avoid j the use ct slots and separate name plates. or the cylinder4T might be a perfectly plain c iflinder on tbe surface et which theabbreviations could be stamgcd Without` first making flat places.

As a matter preference tbe separate name plates i9 `will he used becausethese can be made in a v riety ci colors, so that the distinctionbetvveen days ca be more quickly grasped. For instance. when thetransition happens to be from Saturday ti Sunday at. the midnight line17, the stiulcnt is more apt to note and grasp the cli-ange by seeingthe contrasts incolors between the Saturday and Sunday naine plates thanby reading the al'ilneviated Words.

On the inner end ci the shaft 46 (Fig. 4) there is toothed wheel 50haring seven teeth shaped en the api'n'oxiniate orner depicted by Figure6. The toothed Zone et this vl is in line With a primary im tieni` .e(Figs. and (i). mln-fh has a blunt point 52 intended to be struck byteeth and so become the agen-cv L l.nrn to one ot ier impartingone-seventh shaft 16. It is this one-seventh turn thatl makes theprogressive changes in the day in icatious of the cyiinders il'. For in4stance it Saturday is indicated prior to reaching the midni dit linclagement of glie v-,f'he

the

i y tioning of the axis of the detent 51 slightly above the horizontalplane on which the axis of the midnight line 17 falls so that the toothof the Wheel 5() about to be engaged may cause a full one-seventh turnof the shaft 46 by the time the radial center of the respective marker13 is reached. The pin 51 is carried by a stationary arm (Figs. eland5). This arm is made stationary by virtue of having a hub 5l that isslipped over the end of the sleeve Q9 (Fig. 8) and is secured to thatsleeve by any appropriate means, for example a. set screw (Fig.

The fixed hub 54 serves the additional purpose of holdingr the revolublehub 33 (Fig. 8) in its place. In the instance of the revoluble hub 32(Fig. 8) a simple collar 5G used because here a duplicate of thestationary arm 53 is unnecessary. The collar 5G will bev secured inplace onv the stationary sleeve 28 similarly to the securementof the hub54 (Fig. to the sleeve 29.

Each of the indicators, Whether of the ordinary day indicators 21 or thedate indicator Q1, constitutes an equatorial projection. Actually theconstruction comprises a housing 57 (Figs. 2 and 3) projecting radiallyfrom the annulus el() approximately along the equatorial line, and madehollow so as to contain the cylinder or other figure 4:7. Each housinghas a Window 58 on the side nearest to the observer, so that only theabbreviations of one day can be seen in the instance of the twenty-threeordinary day indicators, but that in the instance of the date indicator2l two abbreviations can be seen at one time.

The last statement Will be understood by now considering the dateindicator Qlf. This is identified solely with the 180 meridian orinternational date line (Figs. 1 and It is common knowledge among thoseskilled in this particular art that the 180O meridian has been generallyadopted as the place along which a change from one day to the next intime either twentyiour hours forward or backward may occur when suchmeridian is crossed regardless oi the angular position of the meridian.For example it a ship going West reaches the line of the 180O meridianat 10 oclock Fri day orenoon it becomes 10 oclock Saturday orenoon themoment the line is crossed. In traveling Westward around the earth welose a day and the chance to get it back is made at the 180 meridian.

This circumstance necessitates an offsetwestwardl will denote theincoming day which progressively comes into existence as the succeedingmeridians pass the midnight line. For example in the drawings, Saturdayis the departing day and Sunday the incoming day.

` Sunday. The same ship traveling eastward (counter-clockwise) andcrossing the 180O meridian would instantly set back its time from Sundayto twenty-four hours later Saturday.

So it is necessary that the indicator 21L shall indicate adjoining dayson the respective sides of the international date line. This isaccomplished by simply making a 1/14 difference in the angular settingof I the toothed wheel which is denoted 50a for distinction (Figs. 2 and11). In other words the teeth of the wheel 50'c1 will come approximatelyin the spaces between the` teeth of the wheels 50. The direction of tthe teeth 50a is reversed from the direction of the teeth 50. Instead ofthe indicator 21 turning clockwise, as do the indicators 21 (looking atthem in the direction of the section line 6 6 in Fig. 6) they are madeto turn counter-clockwise (Fig. 11), looking at them in the plane of thesection line 11- 11 in Figure 5. The abbreviated designations of the dayindicator 21EL also read reversely from those of the day indicators 21.

For the reversal of the date indicator shaft 46 the teeth 50aare locatedon the inner ends of the tooth cylinder (Figs. 2 and 5) so as not to beinterfered with by the primary detent 51. A secondary detent (Fig. 5)actuates the toothed wheel 50a only. This may consist of a machinescrew, driven the proper distance through the standard 5, the head 61has a screw driver slot by l which adjustments are made, and there is anadjacent jam nut 62 by which the adjustments are locked,

As a matter of convenience the important points on the NorthernHemisphere are desy ignated by flaO's 59. For instance the United Statesilag is set at the Capital, Washington. The British flag is set todesignate London, England through which the 0C or Greenwich meridianpasses, While the Russian flag is set to designate Moscow the Capital ofRussia.

The operation is readily understood. Looking at the device in Figure 1one sees the entire Northern Hemisphere from the North Iole down to theEquator. The sun (not shown) is regarded as being stationed to the rightof the device, the marker 15 including an arrow-like configurationpointing to the sun.

It is common knowledge that when the sun is directlyr over the standardor 0O meridian 24 the time will be 12 oclock noon anywhere on thatmeridian. On the next meridian east the time will be 1 oclock becausethat meridian has moved 15o or one hour east from noon. On the sameprinciple, on the meridian west of the Oo meridianit will be 11 oclockbecause that merid- 1an 1s 15O or one hour short of the standardmeridian.

Assume that the 7 5o meridian west, which theoretically runs through.Washington, D. C. coincides With-the radial axis of the marker 15. Thisrwill indicate noon in that city. By reading any other point on theNorthern Hemisphere (or Southern Hemisphere also) in reference to thehour markers 13, 14 and 16 thefobserver can instantly ascertain the timeat that point. For example, in London, England the time would be5.oclock in the afternoon, in Moscow, Russia the time would beapproximately 7 36in the evening, while in San Francisco, California,which is on the 1200 meridian west the time would be approximately 9oclock in the morning.

So by revolving the globe `18, either by mechanically driven or handpower, it is possible to tell the time whether of day or night at anygiven point. It is further posslble to easily and instantly makecomparisons of time between any two points. f

It has been brought out before that by generally common agreement eachday is regarded as beginning and ending at the 180D meridian when thiscrosses the midnight line 17. In other words, the 180O meridian is theleader, so to speak, of the new day, and as each of the followingmeridians cross the midnight line 17 during the eastward rotation of theglobe (Figf 1), the new day will occur at each of such followingIneridians until the one day is universally present with the exceptionof the immediate vicinity of the k180o meridian.

As all meridians, excepting the 180O meridian pass the midnight line 17,there is a full and definite change in the respective indicator 21 fromone day to the next. As the 180o meridian passes the midnight line thereis a similar change in the indicator 21, but as previously pointed outthis indicator is set to show the designation of adjoining days onopposite sides of the 180O meridian. to point out that if it is Saturday(for instance) aboard a ship going west, the moment that ship crossesthe 180O meridian the date will instantly be advanced twentyfour hoursahead Sunday.

This will enable the instructor rllhe statement was made that the daydesignations of the single indicator 21 run reversely to the dayindications of the reagree with the other indicators east and west afterthe midnight line is passed. To again use the example in the drawings,the lower indication Sat. of the indicator 21 must agree with theremaining indications of the departing day, while the abbreviation Sim.must agree with the corresponding abbreviations as they turn up at themidnight line as the globe revolves east.

rl`heie is an astronomical proposition that the name of a given day willbe existent for forty-eight hours. In other words, at any one meridian aday will be twenty-four hours long, but inasmuch as every meridian mustundergo its equatorial progression it requires forty-eight liouis forthe twentyfour hour day to go around the earth. To demonstrate this factconsider Figure 1. It will Je remembered that the change from one day tothe next occurs first at the 18()O meridian as this meridian passes themidnight line 1T. So regarding the change being Jirom Friday toSaturday, Saturday will occur first on the 180D meridian and last on the165o meridian west.

Now it is easy to see that when the 180o meridian has reached themidnight line 17 any point on this meridian will have experienced itsfull period of twenty-tour hours and as this meridian passes theinidnight line 17 the change will be from Saturday to Sunday. ButSaturday atl any point along the 165O meridian west will have been onlyone hour long, and the 165O meridian west must, like the 1800 meridianmake its full circumi'erential transit before I it too will change fromSaturday to Sunday.

' the saine proposition is to say that Saturday becomes existent on theearth by increasing stages after the date line 25 crosses the midnightline 17 until said date line again reaches the midnight. line 17 atwhich instant it will be Saturday everywhere on earth, but from thatinstant Saturday remains present by decreasing stages until the 165omeridian west (last to become identified with Satiirday) also crossesthe midnight line. It is by virtue of these increasing and decreasingstages that the day remains known as Saturday on the earth in generalfor a period of forty-eight hours.

I claim 1. An astronomical device comprising a globe having meridians oflongitude inscribed thereon, movable day indicating means coincidingwith each meridian, supporting means on which the globe is revolublymounted, an equatorial series of hour markers with which the meridiansand day indicating means are registrable, one of said hour markersconstituting a midnight line, and means in the approximate plane ot saidmidnight line for causing a movement ot each day indicating means todenote the change from one day to the next as the midnight line ispassed by a revolution of the globe.

2. An astronomical device comprising a globe having the ineridians oflongitude inscribed thereon, day indicators coinciding with themeridians, each indicator comprising a septenary member having its sevenfaces denoted with the days of the week, and movable means connectedwith each septenary member capable of a step movement, supporting meanson which the globe is revolubly mounted, an equatorial series of hourmarkers radiating from the supporting means and being traversable bysaid day indicators, one ot' said hour markers having a midnight line,and detent means depending on said supporting means for rigid supportrelatively to the globe, being situated in the approximate plane of themidnight line for successive engagement by said movable means to causesuccessive turns of the septenary members for changes of indicationsfrom one day to the next.

3. An astronomical device comprising a standard, a globe comprising apair o1 halves respectively disposed at the sides of the standardthereby locating the standard approximately on the equatorial piane,means by which the halves are coupled together, bearing means carried bythe standard on which said means have revoluble support for therevolution ot the globe in reference to the standard, a system ofstationary indicia carried by the standard, and a system of indicatingmeans carried by the globe adjacent to the standard and being movablepast said indicia upon revolution of the globe.

4. An astronomical device comprising a globe consisting of a pair ofhalves, a standard disposed between the halves, means tor coupling thehalves to each other through the standard yet enabling revolution of thelobe, said means comprising aimuli to which the globe halves areaffixed, a shaft traversing the standard, means carried by the standardon which the annuli have bearing and in which the shaft is journaled,drive fingers affixed to the ends of the shaft and connected with therespective annuli, a series of indicia circumferentially carried by thestandard and being visible in the approximate equatorial plane, and asystem of indicating means carried by the globe being movable past saidindicia upon revolution of the globe.

5. An astronomical device comprising a globe eivided into halves, a pairof annuli to which the halves are aixed, a standard situated betwce theannuli, means for both coupling the halves together through the standardand providing revoluble support of the globe on the standard, a seriesof radially disposed shafts having turnable support on one of the annuliand being equi-distantly spaced in the circumferential direction, amulti-faced figure on the outer end of each shaft the faces of eachfigure having indications in readable positions above the surface oftherespective globe half, Wheels on the inner ends of the shafts havingteeth equal in number to the faces of the figures, stationary meansWithin said respective globe half being engageable by the successiveWheels to cause a `fractional turn of the respective shafts duringrevolution of the globe, and indicia stationarily and circumferentiallycarried by the standard, being equi-distantlyspaced and being adapted tobe read in reference to said indications.

6. An astronomical device comprising a globe having the meridians oflongitude inscribed thereon, an equatorial series of day indicatorsrespectively coinciding With the meridians, each day indicatorconsisting of a nnilti-faced ligure having the names of the daysinscribed thereon, means serving as housings for the figures andcomprising outstanding projections, each housing having a window throughWhich an inscription is visible, a standard by which the globe issupported and on Which the globe is revolnble by pushing on any one ormore of the projecting housings, hour markers carried by the standardbeing equi-distantly spaced in the circumferential direction to agreewith the spacing of the meridians at the equator, and means forsuccessively moving the day indicating ligures upon passing a selectedhour marker thus to produce a change of indication from one day to thenext.

7. An astronomical device comprising a revoiuble globe having meridiansof longitude inscribed thereon, an indicator coinciding with eachmeridian, said indicators designating the days of the Week, means inlixed position relative to the globe constituting the midnight point,and means forlinstantaneously changing each of the indicators from oneday designation to the next while crossing said midnight point, all ofthe indicators remaining stationary relative to the globe until saidmidnight point is reached.

8. An astronomical device comprising a revoluble globe having meridiansof longitude inscribed thereon, an indicating device coinciding witheach meridian, said in dicating devices having the days of the Weekdesignated thereon, a shaft for each of the indicating devices, saidshafts having bearings on the globe, means stationary relative to theglobe constituting the midnight point, and means for imparting aninstantaneous part turn to the successive shafts as the indicators ofthe respective meridians cross said midnight point thereby to change thedesignation of the respective indicator from one day to the next, saidshafts and indicators remaining quiescent during the remainingrevolution of the globe.

9. An astronomical device comprising an equatorial standard,circumferentially spaced hour markers including a midnight markerradiating from said standard, a hemisphere having meridians of longitudeinscribed thereon including the international date line. means torevolubly support the hemisphere on the standard, an indicator housingcoinciding With each meridian including the international date line,each housing having a Window, day indicators in the housings, saidindicators bearing the names of the Week days the single ones of Whichare readable at they Windows with the exception of the Window of thedate line housing, the indicator in said housing being situated tosimultaneously expose the names of adjacent days, and separate meanssituated coincidently with the midnight marker for successively turningthe various day indicators as the midnight line is crossed.

10. In an astronomical device, an equatorial standard, a hemisphererevoluble on the standard, said hemisphere having meridians of longitudeinscribed thereon one of said meridians being designated as theinternational date line, day indicators for all of the meridiansexcepting the date line, being adapted to have the names of single daysexposed to View, a day indicator for the date line being adapted to havethe names of adjacent days exposed to view, a plurality of stationaryhour markers including a midnight marker, and means in the region of themidnight marker for successively turning the day indicators of theordinary meridians in one direction and for turning the day indicator ofthe date line in the opposite direction as the midnight line is passed.

DAVID PHILLIPS.

